SignificanceWhat a p-value means, and the four things it does not.Business & ManagementWhat p < 0.05 meansIf there were no real effect......data this extreme would occurunder 5% of the timeIt is a statement about the dataGiven the null hypothesisWhat it does not meanNot: 95% chance the effect isrealNot: the effect is largeNot: the result will replicateNot: p > 0.05 proves no effectTHE DIFFERENCE THAT MATTERSStatistical significance is not practical significance. With a largeenough sample, trivial differences become significant.Always report the effect size and a confidence interval alongside thep-value. The interval says far more than the threshold.Significancelearnposters.com
Significance — printable business wall chart from LearnPosters. Free vector PDF, US Letter and A4.

What’s on the Significance poster

What p < 0.05 means against What it does not mean, side by side.

Always report the effect size and a confidence interval alongside the p-value. The interval says far more than the threshold.

Questions about the Significance poster

What’s on the Significance poster?
What p < 0.05 means against What it does not mean, side by side. What p < 0.05 means: If there were no real effect...; What p < 0.05 means: ...data this extreme would occur under 5% of the time; What p < 0.05 means: It is a statement about the data; What p < 0.05 means: Given the null hypothesis; What it does not mean: Not: 95% chance the effect is real; What it does not mean: Not: the effect is large; What it does not mean: Not: the result will replicate; What it does not mean: Not: p > 0.05 proves no effect; Statistical significance is not practical significance. With a large enough sample, t…. Always report the effect size and a confidence interval alongside the p-value. The interval says far more than the threshold.
Who is the Significance poster for?
Significance belongs to the Business & Management section rather than to a school year, because business is not something one grade owns. Anyone learning analytics can pin it up — a beginner, a student mid-course, or someone revising years later.
When should you use the Significance poster?
A p-value is not the probability that the hypothesis is true. It never was. A wall chart earns its place by being glanceable from where the work is happening, so Significance belongs on the wall where that business work actually happens, within glancing distance, rather than filed away.
What other posters go with Significance?
A/B Testing, Cohort Analysis and Analysis Traps sit alongside Significance in the Business & Management section. Printed together they make a wall rather than a single sheet, which is how a reference set actually gets used.A/B TestingCohort AnalysisAnalysis Traps
Is the Significance poster free to download and print?
Yes. Significance downloads as a free PDF with no account, no email and no watermark, like everything else in the Business & Management section. Print as many copies as you like for a home, a classroom, a library or a tutoring group; reselling the file is the only thing the licence rules out.Read the licence
What size does the Significance poster print at?
Significance is a vector PDF laid out for US Letter, and prints on A4 with Fit to page — the same file, no separate download. Because every mark on it is drawn rather than photographed, it stays sharp enlarged to A3, A2 or A1 at a copy shop. Colour carries emphasis only, so a greyscale print of Significance loses nothing.Printing guide

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