Eigenvalues & EigenvectorsThe full procedure, plus the checks that catch an arithmetic slip.MathematicsAv = λv for some nonzero v: directions the map only stretches.1Characteristic polynomialCompute det(A − λI) and expand it as a polynomial in λ.2Solve det(A − λI) = 0The roots are the eigenvalues, each with an algebraic multiplicity.3Find each eigenvectorRow reduce (A − λI)v = 0 and read off a basis of the null space.4Compare multiplicitiesGeometric multiplicity is that nullity, and never exceeds algebraic.5Check your arithmeticThe eigenvalues sum to the trace and multiply to the determinant.An n×n matrix has n eigenvalues over ℂ counted with multiplicity, but itmay have far fewer independent eigenvectors.Eigenvalues & Eigenvectorslearnposters.com
Eigenvalues & Eigenvectors — printable math wall chart from LearnPosters. Free vector PDF, US Letter and A4.

Eigenvalues & Eigenvectors, step by step

Av = λv for some nonzero v: directions the map only stretches.

  1. Characteristic polynomialCompute det(A − λI) and expand it as a polynomial in λ.
  2. Solve det(A − λI) = 0The roots are the eigenvalues, each with an algebraic multiplicity.
  3. Find each eigenvectorRow reduce (A − λI)v = 0 and read off a basis of the null space.
  4. Compare multiplicitiesGeometric multiplicity is that nullity, and never exceeds algebraic.
  5. Check your arithmeticThe eigenvalues sum to the trace and multiply to the determinant.

An n×n matrix has n eigenvalues over ℂ counted with multiplicity, but it may have far fewer independent eigenvectors.

Questions about the Eigenvalues & Eigenvectors poster

What’s on the Eigenvalues & Eigenvectors poster?
5 numbered steps. Av = λv for some nonzero v: directions the map only stretches. Characteristic polynomial — Compute det(A − λI) and expand it as a polynomial in λ.; Solve det(A − λI) = 0 — The roots are the eigenvalues, each with an algebraic multipl…; Find each eigenvector — Row reduce (A − λI)v = 0 and read off a basis of the null space.; Compare multiplicities — Geometric multiplicity is that nullity, and never exceeds al…; Check your arithmetic — The eigenvalues sum to the trace and multiply to the determin…. An n×n matrix has n eigenvalues over ℂ counted with multiplicity, but it may have far fewer independent eigenvectors.
Who is the Eigenvalues & Eigenvectors poster for?
Eigenvalues & Eigenvectors belongs to the Mathematics section rather than to a school year, because math is not something one grade owns. Anyone learning linear algebra can pin it up — a beginner, a student mid-course, or someone revising years later.
When should you use the Eigenvalues & Eigenvectors poster?
For diagonalisation, stability analysis, and any repeated application of a matrix. A wall chart earns its place by being glanceable from where the work is happening, so Eigenvalues & Eigenvectors belongs on the wall where that math work actually happens, within glancing distance, rather than filed away.
What other posters go with Eigenvalues & Eigenvectors?
Basis & Dimension, Determinant Properties and Diagonalisation sit alongside Eigenvalues & Eigenvectors in the Mathematics section. Printed together they make a wall rather than a single sheet, which is how a reference set actually gets used.Basis & DimensionDeterminant PropertiesDiagonalisation
Is the Eigenvalues & Eigenvectors poster free to download and print?
Yes. Eigenvalues & Eigenvectors downloads as a free PDF with no account, no email and no watermark, like everything else in the Mathematics section. Print as many copies as you like for a home, a classroom, a library or a tutoring group; reselling the file is the only thing the licence rules out.Read the licence
What size does the Eigenvalues & Eigenvectors poster print at?
Eigenvalues & Eigenvectors is a vector PDF laid out for US Letter, and prints on A4 with Fit to page — the same file, no separate download. Because every mark on it is drawn rather than photographed, it stays sharp enlarged to A3, A2 or A1 at a copy shop. Colour carries emphasis only, so a greyscale print of Eigenvalues & Eigenvectors loses nothing.Printing guide

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