Effective StressThe idea soil mechanics is built on.Civil EngineeringSoil strength and settlement follow effective stress:total stress minus pore water pressure.σ' = σ − u · u = γw × head of water5 m dry sand, γ 20σ' = 100 kPaNo pore water.Same, water at surfaceσ' = 51 kPa100 − 49.Rapid drawdownu stays, σ' collapsesSlope failures.THE COMMON MISTAKEAdding standing water to σ' as wellIt raises σ and u equallyFree water above the ground surface increases total stress and pore pressureby the same amount, so effective stress at depth does not change.Educational reference. Terzaghi's principle underpins geotechnicaldesign, which remains work for a qualified engineer.Effective Stresslearnposters.com
Effective Stress — printable engineering wall chart from LearnPosters. Free vector PDF, US Letter and A4.

What’s on the Effective Stress poster

The rule, 3 worked examples, and the mistake everyone makes.

Educational reference. Terzaghi's principle underpins geotechnical design, which remains work for a qualified engineer.

Questions about the Effective Stress poster

What’s on the Effective Stress poster?
The rule, 3 worked examples, and the mistake everyone makes. Soil strength and settlement follow effective stress: total stress minus pore water p…; σ' = σ − u · u = γw × head of water; 5 m dry sand, γ 20 = σ' = 100 kPa; Same, water at surface = σ' = 51 kPa; Rapid drawdown = u stays, σ' collapses; Common mistake: Adding standing water to σ' as well → It raises σ and u equally. Educational reference. Terzaghi's principle underpins geotechnical design, which remains work for a qualified engineer.
Who is the Effective Stress poster for?
Effective Stress belongs to the Civil Engineering section rather than to a school year, because engineering is not something one grade owns. Anyone learning geotechnical can pin it up — a beginner, a student mid-course, or someone revising years later.
When should you use the Effective Stress poster?
Any time water is involved: strength, settlement, slopes, excavations. A wall chart earns its place by being glanceable from where the work is happening, so Effective Stress belongs on the wall where that engineering work actually happens, within glancing distance, rather than filed away.
What other posters go with Effective Stress?
Atterberg Limits, Bearing Capacity and Compaction Control sit alongside Effective Stress in the Civil Engineering section. Printed together they make a wall rather than a single sheet, which is how a reference set actually gets used.Atterberg LimitsBearing CapacityCompaction Control
Is the Effective Stress poster free to download and print?
Yes. Effective Stress downloads as a free PDF with no account, no email and no watermark, like everything else in the Civil Engineering section. Print as many copies as you like for a home, a classroom, a library or a tutoring group; reselling the file is the only thing the licence rules out.Read the licence
What size does the Effective Stress poster print at?
Effective Stress is a vector PDF laid out for US Letter, and prints on A4 with Fit to page — the same file, no separate download. Because every mark on it is drawn rather than photographed, it stays sharp enlarged to A3, A2 or A1 at a copy shop. Colour carries emphasis only, so a greyscale print of Effective Stress loses nothing.Printing guide

Related posters

Charts that sit alongside Effective Stress on the same wall.

Browse every Civil Engineering poster, or start from the full catalogue.